Wireless Networking Concept Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Wireless Networking Concept. Answer: Information Encryption Standards for WiMAX 3DES and AES are the most famous encryption gauges that are being utilized to encode information that are being moved in the WiMAX arrange. Overall Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) can be expressed as an association of the associations that are contributing in the turn of events and assembling of remote contraptions in way to improve and upgrade the norms for Broadband like systems (Hassan Bach, 2014). The 3DES (Triple Data Encryption Standard) has been utilizing three extraordinary and different keys that are of the length 56-piece each in any case, these could hinder the genuine presentation in a portion of the product. In this way 3DES becomes outdated in view of the commitment in making the exhibition moderate and constrained length of the keys. This lead to the need of another encryption standard and now AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) has become the fundamental instrument for the encryption of information while voyaging or being moved through WiMAX arrange. AES is fit for giving 256-piece, 192-piece, and 128-piece encryption keys for the encryption of the information (Ravishankar, et al., 2017). It was advanced through acquiring CCMP standard and got one of the most well known guidelines. In examination with the triple information encryption principles AES is a lot quicker and a lot simpler to be executed and utilized and it additionally required less memory in correlation. There are the potential outcomes that it probably won't have the option to utilized by all end-client terminals however it does requires devoted processors on board the BS (Eren, 2014). This outcome it as the most indispensable scrambling instrument that can be utilized in the WiMAX Network. The third picked encryption standard is (Rivest Shamir Adleman)RSA that can be depicted as an open key lopsided calculation for the encryption that can likewise be utilized to scramble through utilizing the SS open key in way to secure the Authorisation Reply message. The Authorisat ion Reply message incorporates a calculation key named AK (Authorisation Key) that is likewise can likewise be utilized to scramble the traffic messages or can be utilized as traffic encryption keys during the exchange of the messages to the SS from the BS (Ahmad Ismail, 2016). Among the DES, 3DES, AES and RSA the more powerful and simple encryption standard is the AES that can be actualized during moving the information or data or document by means of WiMAX arrange. In examination with the Security Associations (SAs), it can likewise be expressed this is the most made sure about encoding calculation that could be utilized to scramble the information and guard them. In light of the intricacy AES is the most straightforward scrambling calculation (Nomula, Rafai verma, 2016). Security challenges looked by instances of WPAN Technology There are different instances of the WPAN innovation that could be actualized while being associated with a system or utilizing a system the most widely recognized systems are Bluetooth and ZigBee arrange that has been decided for the appropriate response of this inquiry. Remote innovation faces a significant number of the issues identified with the security and likewise these advancements additionally faces certain security gives that can be recorded as: Security issues identified with the use of the Bluetooth system can be recorded as: Forswearing of administration DoS is one of the basic information breaking coding that could oppose the client or even forbids the client to associate with the system through sending different solicitations at a similar second through various or single request. This assault could prompt the smashing of the gadget, correspondence blocked, battery utilization and a lot more vulnerabilities that bring about genuine harm to the client (Padgette, 2017). Bluesnarfing: This is additionally one of the straightforward coding in the word reference of the programmers that let the interloper access to the data and information that is spared into the gadget through matching with the gadget. There are sure applications accessible on the web that can allow it to occur and even an individual can make calls and message utilizing Bluetooth organize from different gadgets (Al-Janabi et al., 2017). Listening in This way of assault permits the interloper to sniff the encompassing through which the sign is going through the Bluetooth organize and might investigate the sign that is being going through the system. This could prompt both the protection and security issues for the client utilizing Bluetooth organize. Blue bothering This is an assault that permits the client to remotely get to different gadgets and could without much of a stretch control the exercises of the gadget through further coding. This could even send messages either text or voice and select any alternative makes the gadget defenseless against be utilized by its proprietor. Following is a rundown portraying the security issues identified with the ZigBee arrange: Sniffing: It is a procedure that permits gatecrashers to sniff the ill-advised coding to the system in way to scramble the framework with ill-advised coding and influence the data being saved money on the system (Misra et al., 2016). Replay assault: this is another method of assaulting the data I which the gatecrasher records the message going during the traffic and after a case replays the recorded data alongside the pernicious code. Physical Attacks: One of the most well-known assaults for any system and in this system hampering is made subsequent to finding the gadgets. General route for driving this assault is Hard coded encryption keys which are stacked in the RAM are regularly utilized by radios working in the ZigBee organize once the gadget is fueled. Vitality Harvesting The primary paper by Fisal and Sherali (2016) presented that WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks) innovation has been as of late began to get the acknowledgment as a key empowering procedure for the registering regions that are rising inescapable in this division. The remote sensor systems have been ceaselessly pulling in the consideration of different partners including the structure and the method of usage. The creator built up a far reaching arrangement plot for strategies of vitality reaping that utilized the outer sources and surrounding condition for producing through remote sensor systems. The creator has completely explored the instrument of vitality collecting and delivered the strategy that could be positive in gathering the energies. They expressed that it merits nothing that very wellspring of vitality has various capacities of collecting, and that outcomes in the collector equipment structure that is likewise extraordinary for every classification that could be useful in deci ding the productivity of the reaper. Based on discoveries and study made by them they have reasoned that It is important that every vitality source has distinctive collecting abilities and, accordingly, the collector equipment configuration is likewise extraordinary for every class which at last decides the proficiency of the reaper (Faisal and sherali, 2016). Another article proposed by Ulukus et al. (2015) states about the procedures and system of vitality reaping remote interchanges. The creators have stressed on the development of the model of vitality participation and move, which could have made chance through outfitting the vitality, from the exchange of the messages or data through the remote system. Different themes had been secured by the creators concerning the physical layer of the presentation and the instructive hypothetical medium access control convention. They have inferred that the dangers looked by vitality collecting from physical and reasonable concerns has made this procedure face new difficulties and the conversation of the vitality and data move gives energizing prospects that can be adjusted later on to adjust the system tasks with improved execution. References: Ahmad, R., Ismail, W. (2016). Execution Comparison of Advanced Encryption Standard-128 Algorithms for WIMAX Application with Improved Power-Throughput.Journal of Engineering Science and Technology,11(12), 1-17. Al-Janabi, S., Al-Shourbaji, I., Shojafar, M., Shamshirband, S. (2017). Study of principle challenges (security and protection) in remote body region systems for medicinal services applications.Egyptian Informatics Journal,18(2), 113-122. Eren, E. (2014). SECURITY ASSESSMENT OF IEEE 802.16 (WIMAX)A SHORT COMPARISON BETWEEN IEEE 802.16 d AND 802.16 e.International Journal of Computing,7(2), 91-99. Hassan, A., Bach, C. (2014, April). WiMAX Basics From Deployments to PHY Improvements. ASEE. Misra, S., Goswami, S., Taneja, C., Mukherjee, A. (2016). Structure and execution investigation of an open key infrastructure?enabled security system for ZigBee sensor networks.International Journal of Communication Systems,29(13), 1992-2014. Nomula, R., Rifai, M. E., Verma, P. (2016). Multi-photon lenient conventions for quantum secure correspondence in remote standards.International Journal of Security and Networks,11(1-2), 25-36. Padgette, J. (2017). Manual for bluetooth security.NIST Special Publication,800, 121. Ravishankar, C., Zakaria, G., Benammar, N., Corrigan, J. (2017).U.S. Patent No. 9,722,789. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Shaikh, Faisal Karim, and Sherali Zeadally. Vitality collecting in remote sensor arranges: A complete audit. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 55 (2016): 1041-1054. Ulukus, Sennur, et al. Vitality collecting remote interchanges: An audit of ongoing advances. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 33.3 (2015): 360-381.

Personal Development Plan Business Essay

Self-improvement Plan Business Essay Account is a vocation which forces high prerequisites on the general characteristics of an individual. In this report, I am picking fund as my vocation field. To begin with, we will depict a vocation arranging philosophy in my own profession arranging. There are a few stages to the profession arranging process. These means are: word related investigation (know the profession opportunity), self investigation (know what your identity is and what you need), dynamic, and game plan. Second, we will recognize a few activity families in the field of account and the contrast between the various conceivable vocation ways. These incorporate multifaceted investments chief, deals and exchanging, fund examiner, and so forth. At that point, we will settle on a choice, giving my vocation guide and profession plan as a money investigator. Six back to back occupations will be introduced to permit me to advance towards my fantasy work. We will likewise uncover the KSAs and individual characteristics r equired at each particular employment. At long last, a self-improvement plan is given with suggestions for future alumni on the diverse profession they could have in a given field after they graduate. 1. Presentation Account is a drawing in and testing zone for adolescents. For another comer into this field, simply money related information isn't sufficient. Different characteristics, for example, cooperative efforts, relational abilities, and business instinct are similarly significant for a fruitful vocation. With respect to my profession objectives, I am resolved give myself into money related zone. I have incredible enthusiasm for money in view of its significance in corporate turn of events and financial turn of events. At present, China is generally powerless in its money related area. I see it as an enormous test just as a colossal open door for myself entering this field. 2. Vocation Planning Theory The vocation arranging process is made out of a few stages. First it is the self investigation, which responds to the topic of what your identity is and what you need. Second it is the word related investigation, which manages the openings for work. At that point it is dynamic, in which you decide of your profession. At long last, it is the game plan, where you will set up your objectives and put it enthusiastically ( Barbara et al 2003; Brian et al 1988; Robert et al 2009;;Samuel et al 1993). 2.1 Self-Exploration Before any profession arranging, individuals ought to have an away from about themselves and their desires for a vocation. They ought to pose the inquiries, for example, where do I like to work, inside or outside? Am I acceptable at managing general society? Do I like to function as a group or do I like to work alone? Indeed there are no correct responses to these inquiries, simply close to home inclination. By reevaluating of these questinos, they can find out about themselves and match themselves to the correct occupation. 2.2 Occupational Exploration Knowing about the conceivable occupation families is similarly significant. Insights concerning the work completed in different occupations can be learnt through an enormous number of strategies that can be utilized to accumulate word related data. A portion of the techniques are recorded underneath, for example, online research, individual perception, meet with representatives working in the field, books, banners, and TV programs. Generally individuals utilize a mix of strategies. Along these lines, they can likewise get information on the potential salary, working conditions, and business possibilities. 2.3. Dynamic After you get the data about yourself and the occupations, the time has come to settle on a choice. From your own inclinations, you ought to have a smart thought of the things that you need in your life. From the activity investigation, the occupatinoal prerequisite, for example, the training just as the work experience you need, will be clear. You would then be able to pick the occupations that will give you what you need. 2.4. Strategy From the above advances, the specific profession is resolved. Presently the time has come to set up an arrangement to assist you with accomplishing that objective. To begin with, you ought to think about the necessities and inadequacy of yourself, for example, what sort of instruction and preparing is fundamental; What kind of between time employments are required; Second, you ought to predict the impediments which upset you to get to your profession. What's more, consequently you will have the option to think of an arrangement to conquer these obstructions. All these can be utilized to shape your strategy. 3. Conceivable Career Path for Finance 3.1 Hedge support supervisor A flexible investments director will conclude how to put the benefits in various classes of protections. These incorporate money, securities, stocks (residential versus outside) and so forth. 3.2 Finance Analysts This includes the handling and adjusting of an assortment of operational, staff, and money related exchanges. Includes creating, deciphering and actualizing money related ideas for budgetary arranging, asset arranging, and control of authoritative financial plan. May break down and get ready proposals for budgetary plans, including yearly asset portions, future prerequisites, and working figures. 3.3 Mergers and Acquisitions Individuals doing mergers and acquisitions are like account examiners. Just that their emphasis is on collaborations, cost investment funds, and coinsurance impacts that may come about because of brushing firms in comparative or different enterprises. 3.4 Sales and Trading Deals and exchanging incorporates a wide range of employments inside a venture bank. Salesmen create new business by acquiring customers for the firm. Brokers focus on creating frameworks and systems for executing requests to purchase and sell protections. Information on the activities of business sectors is fundamental to a decent merchant. 4. My Career Map During my examination as a business graduate, I have taken courses in different business subjects, for example, large scale and small scale financial matters, bookkeeping and math. In my leisure time, I read distributions, for example, The Wall Street Journal, The Financial Times and The Economist. I peruse the budgetary sites ordinarily to get a report on the most recent business markets. I am acceptable at social affair data. I can comprehend the money related circumstance of a particular organization from its monetary record; I can peruse the financial circumstance of a nation from its macropolicy. Also, I get severe preparing in relational associations with others. I have abilities in correspondence. Proposition composing and oral introductions is likewise my capability. Along these lines, I think myself to be qualified for turning into a money expert. My profession map is in Figure 1. Figure 1 Career Map 5. My Career Plan: Finance Analysts Occupation Title Colleague Finance Analyst Junior Finance Analyst Account Analyst Level Passage Junior Experience General Description Passage level proficient; utilizes proficient ideas to determine issues of constrained extension and multifaceted nature; chips away at assignments of restricted assortment and unpredictability, requiring restricted judgment and dynamic. Experienced-level proficient who realizes how to apply hypothesis and put it into practice with full comprehension of the proficient field; Difficulties Utilizations essential expert ideas. †¢ Applies grounds arrangements and strategies to determine routine issues. †¢ Works on issues of restricted degree with moderate control and survey. Adheres to standard practices and methods in examining circumstances or information from which answers can be promptly gotten. †¢ Cultivates inner and outside contacts. †¢ Resolves a wide scope of issues in creative just as pragmatic ways. Information and Skills †¢ Basic information on money related or bookkeeping ideas, forms and techniques. †¢ Understanding of guidelines and best works on concerning monetary bookkeeping and administrations. †¢ Familiar with division diagram of accounts and related business forms. †¢ Effective composed and verbal relational abilities. †¢ Active tuning in, basic reasoning, tender loving care, hierarchical abilities, great relational aptitudes and the capacity to perform various tasks. Fundamental information in information assortment and investigation strategies. †¢ Service direction †¢ Leadership aptitudes to give training what's more, tutoring to help staff. †¢ Knowledge of center programming programs also, frameworks. †¢ Thorough information on fund approaches, practices and frameworks including grounds, state and government rules and guidelines. †¢ Knowledge of budgetary information the executives also, detailing frameworks. †¢ Active tuning in, basic reasoning, consideration to detail, hierarchical abilities, solid relational aptitudes, and capacity to perform multiple tasks in a high-volume condition. †¢ Able to freely accumulate, arrange, furthermore, perform monetary investigation assignments. †¢ Advanced information on programming projects and frameworks. Obligations †¢ Analyzes money related as well as asset information; gets ready and sums up data. †¢ With oversight, accommodates, investigates and settle disparities in money related information. Screens work process and profitability in zones, for example, Accounts Payable, Records Receivable, Collections, Buying as well as Cashiering. †¢ Coordinates and screens activities of doled out practical area(s). †¢ May go about as focal asset for help staff. †¢ Assists with checking profitability with the objective of meeting or surpassing standard desires for practicality what's more, quality. Recognize orderly issues and propose arrangements. †¢ Assesses consistence with administrative organizations and interior arrangements. †¢ Triages and addresses client requests as suitable †¢ Ensures the conveyance of value client administration to different voting demographics. †¢ Applies proficient ideas to determine issues and to perform moderate to complex examination. †¢ Gathers and breaks down, monetary and asset plans. (Proceed) Employment Title Senior Finance Analyst portfolio administrator CFO/Partner of Company Level Senior Master Senior Expert General Description wide occupation information; manages issues of various degrees

Use Of Statin Therapy Health And Social Care Essay

Horribleness and mortality from cardiovascular illness ( CVD ) are two to multiple times higher in patients with type 2 diabetes. With death paces of up to 80 % among the diabetic populace, CVD is viewed as the essential inconvenience of type 2 diabetes. The use of pharmacological specialists and way of life adjustments to better glycemic control have shown a reduction in peril of the microvascular difficulties related with type 2 diabetes, all things considered, the result these have in cut bringing down the risk of macrovascular entanglements stays not well characterized. It has subsequently been recommended that hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors ( lipid-bringing down meds ) are shown for the essential bar of CVD in all patients determined to have type 2 diabetes. Lipid-bringing down meds work by stifling the HMG-COA protein which catalyzes the change of HMG-CoA to mevalonic corrosive, an early measure in cholesterin combination. This produces impacts which bring about the abatement of whole cholesterin, LDL cholesterin and triglyceride. Different advantages detailed following from the utilization of long haul lipid-bringing down medication treatment include: concealment of blood vessel smooth musculus cell expansion, bar of oxidization of LDL cholesterin, plaque adjustment impacts on macrophages, advancement of endothelial guide and against thrombotic and mitigating impacts all of which add to the bar of cardiovascular occasions. An ongoing meta examination directed by the Cholesterol Treatment Trialists ‘ Confederates ( 2008 ) dissected statin treatment in 17 220 people with type 2 diabetes inside 14 unpredictably controlled tests ( RCTs ) with a normal continuation of follow up was 4.3 mature ages. The scholars detailed a 21 % decline in major cardiovascular occasions per mmol/l lessening of LDL-C. It was other than discovered that the impacts of statin treatment were comparable paying little heed to any pre bing history of CVD and other pattern highlights. It was inferred that statin treatment ought to be considered for all people who are at high danger of CVD. The meta examination study configuration permits the scholars to show the over all result the mediation of lipid-bringing down medication treatment has on the bar of CVD in patients with type 2 diabetes. The incorporation of just arbitrarily controlled tests ( RCTs ) is a quality of the examination as they are viewed as the ‘gold standard ‘ in reasearch structure as the limit the chance of precise bias. Anyway in a meta investigation whether or non a RCT was truly irregular or non, all things considered, depends on the journalists perusing of the methodological examination. One limitation of this review is the workable for production bias by the knowing avoidance of surveies which show clashing outcomes. Anyway the authors tended to this by talking two surveies which showed no significant declines in essential outcomes in patients having statin treatment and reasoned that remembering them for the examination would hold made no significant diference to the general results of the review. The Heart Protection Study, 2003 planned to investigate the impacts of cholesterin take bringing down with Zocor in individuals with diabetes. The paper depicts a randomized fake treatment controlled test in which 5963 ( 90 % of which had type 2 diabetes ) individuals with diabetes and 14, 573 individuals with blood vessel occlusive sickness yet no diabetes were aimlessly apportioned to have 40mg of simvastatin everyday or a fake treatment medicate. The essential outcome for examination was lethal or non deadly vascular occasion. Following enlistment of statin treatment members were seen for usual way of doing things follow up checks at 4, 8 and a year until the closing follow up visits which arrived at the midpoint of at 4.6 mature ages. ( chest insurance review ) Findingss identified with patients with diabetes exhibited 25 % decline in the frequency of first essential outcome. The journalists finished up because of the expansive extent of diabetic patients surveies that the results gave grounds that cholesterin take bringing down treatment is useful for individuals with diabetes regardless of whether they do non hold pre bing cardiovascular infection or high cholesterin focuses and thus statin treatment ought to be considered routinely for every diabetic patient. ( HPS and Role of lipid-bringing down prescriptions ) The HPS RCT configuration permits both the Zocor gathering and the fake treatment gathering to be followed up and dissected in footings of the outcomes characterized toward the start of the study. As the authors gave pattern highlights, for example, cholesterin, age and duration of diabetes guaranting the gatherings were each piece comparable as could reasonably be expected, the outcomes can henceforth be credited to the intervention of Zocor. Preceding the Heart security review comparative RCTs had incorporated a furthest restriction of 1500 patients with diabetes. The enormous example size of 5963 patients with diabetes created a decent harmony between the two gatherings and permitted the authors to effectively watch a significant factual contrast between the consequences of Zocor and the fake treatment. The 4 twelvemonth follow up period exhibited that these impacts were supported. The scholars of the review were other than answerable for the overview plan, informations conglomeration, data investigation, informations perusing and initiation of the examination, which limits the chance of any conceivable battle of association. The Collaberative Lipitor diabetes study ( CARDS ) , 2003, was like the HPS in footings of its motivations and discoveries yet was the primary test to gauge statin treatment explicitly in patients with type 2 diabetes. The CARDS test was an arbitrary fake treatment controlled study in which 2838 patients matured somewhere in the range of 40 and 75 were aimlessly assigned to have either 10mg of atorvastatin everyday or a fake treatment with a planned follow up time of 6 mature ages. The incorporation standard was no history of cardiovascular illness, a LDL-cholesterol convergence of 4 and A ; Acirc ; Â ·14 mmol/L or lower, a fasting triglyceride entirety of 6 and A ; Acirc ; Â ·78 mmol/L or less, and in any event one other risk factor. The essential end point was clasp to first occurring of the supporters: intense coronary chest discovered malady occasions, coronary revascularisation, or shot. The authors revealed that the gathering treated with Lipitor had a mean abatement of 26 % in whole cholesterin and a 40 % decline in LDL-C. The danger decline for essential end focuses was diminished by 37 % with atorvastatin everyday contrasted and fake treatment. The journalists inferred that Atorvastatin day by day is protected an in cut bringing down the danger of first cardiovascular ailment occasions, in patients with type 2 diabetes independent of low standard LDL-C degrees and that patients with type 2 diabetes ought to reciecve lipid-bringing down medication treatment paying little heed to LDL-C degrees. Similarly as with The HPS one of the central qualities of the CARDS test was the study structure. The irregular apportioning of members to bunches assisted with limiting orderly partiality and the similitude in the pattern highlights depicted between each gathering expanded the interior cogency of the results. As this bit of research was unique in footings of the way that it was the main review to explicitly investigate the impacts of statin treatment explicitly in patients with type 2 diabetes the essentialness of the outcomes themselves are another quality of the study and played a significant capacity in the improvement of the American diabetes affiliation rules which presently suggest that all adults beyond 40 years old with diabetes ought to have lipid-bringing down medication treatment. At the second break investigation a significant contrast was accounted for Lipitor at and following reccomendations from the wellbeing managing board the tests was ended 2 mature ages sooner tha n foreseen. Had the test been permitted to go on the results may hold indicated much more prominent advantages of lipid-bringing down medication treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and all the more unmistakably showed the manageability of these impacts. The multicenter aspect of the review configuration should hold took into consideration a more extensive extent of populace bunches ( for example individuals from various social, natural or social foundations ) and the capacity to analyze outcomes among Centers, all of which would expand the generalizability of the overview. Anyway members remembered for the CARDS test were 78 % male and 95 % white which may non be illustrative of the sort 2 diabetic populace in the UK and Ireland and which question the trustworthiness of any choices produced using the overview discoveries. The CARDS test was mostly supported by Pfizer Incooperated an atorvastatin creator who were other than liable for planing the figuring machine produced rand omization codifications and pre confining all the medications utilized the study. In spite of the fact that the investigation itself was arranged autonomously of help beginnings, while Pfizer Incooperated have an inclusion in demonstrating the advantages of atorvastatin battle of association can non be precluded. The Atorvastatin Study for Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease Endpoints ( ASPEN ) , 2006 again, intended to investigate the result of 10mg of Lipitor versus a fake treatment on cardiovascular bar in patients with type 2 diabetes and LDL-C degrees underneath the ebb and flow rule marks. This paper depicts a review which was initially structured as a randomized double visually impaired fake treatment controlled examination. 2410 members were aimlessly appointed to have either 10mg of atorvastatin everyday or a fake treatment medicate with a subsequent duration of 4 mature ages. Incorporation principles were work powers and grown-up females with analyzed kind 2 diabetes and LDL-C degrees of less than3.6 mmol/l. The essential end focuses for examination were cardiovascular related expire or major cardiovascular occasion, for example, myocardial localized necrosis or shot. The essayists found that those members distributed to have 10mg of atorvastatin everyday showed a normal abatement of about 0.9 mmol/l and a 10 % decline in essential resul

SAT Scandal in Asia

SAT Scandal in Asia November 8 An SAT scandal is brewing in South Korea and China. As allegations of cheating on an SAT administration  across South Korea and China  continue to be tossed around, we figured wed share our two cents. Hey, you know us. Weve always got two cents. From what weve heard,  SAT tutoring companies in China were asking their students to come back after the SAT administration with questions and answers from the test they took that day. These tutoring companies were then piecing together the exams exams that College Board had no intention of releasing. And then College Board reused the questions from these exams. But this isnt completely new to The College Board. After all, this same kind of thing happened in the United States a few years ago. And the   May 2013 SAT exam was canceled in South Korea when  it was discovered that recycled questions were given out in tutoring centers. As New Yorkers, were very familiar with New York State recycling their questions for their Regents Exams. Barrons even publishes all past New York State  Regents Exams so if a student takes enough of these old exams, theyll find a good percentage of recycled questions with the same exact answer choices. Maybe thats why for a bright kid, a 95% or above on a New York State Regents Exam is the norm, not the exception. But one would think that a multi-billion dollar company like College Board would have the resources not to recycle questions. Come on, College Board! Seems pretty lazy if you ask us! Curious to read more about the SAT scandal in South Korea and China? Theres a good Washington Post piece entitled New concerns about cheating on SAT in Asia written by Valerie Strauss that you might want to check out. And were curious to hear what our readers think about this SAT scandal in Asia so let us know your thoughts by posting a Comment below. We look forward to hearing from you about this SAT scandal in Asia. SAT Scandal in Asia SAT Scandal in Asia November 14 New details are emerging about the SAT scandal in China and South Korea. The Washington Post has a great piece on how it all went down. More details are emerging about the SAT scandal in Asia and The Washington Post has an excellent overview of exactly how it all went down. As detailed in an article in The Washington Post entitled The six-step SAT cheating operation in Asia and how to stop it written by Valerie Strauss, it was quite the well planned scandal! This took quite a lot of planning and a whole lot of dishonesty. And that is by no means surprising. Not one bit.  Students in China are often handed pre-written admissions essays that have absolutely nothing to do with them. So why on earth would this SAT scandal  come out of left field? It wouldnt. According to The Washington Post, Confederates in the United States obtain recently administered SAT exams, including those that are officially undisclosed, either by copying illegally obtained test forms or compiling content from information about individual items shared on chat boardsOverseas test prep companies maintain complete databases of questions and correct answers from previously administered tests. They use these to train their regular clients (also illegal if they use questions that have not been disclosed).  Prior to each exam, some test-takers contract with these firms to provide the answers to that day’s SAT. Such services are heavily advertised on Chinese language websites such as Taobao, QQ and Wechat.  On SAT day, hired guns sit for the test at Asian sites in time zones several hours ahead of China (e.g. Auckland, New Zealand is five hours ahead of Beijing), memorize the first few items, then take a bathroom break, from which they call or text that inform ation to their superiors.  Based on this advance warning, the test prep company consults its database and identifies the test being administered in China later that day.  A list of correct answers is then transmitted to paying clients by simple technologies, such as emailing the file to their cell phones or loading it on programmable calculators that students are allowed to use in the test center. So they didnt only cheat. They cheated with the help of extraordinary planning and execution. The SAT business in China is a big business. These folks are cheating quite well. How exactly will College Board address this scandal? So far, theyve put exams coming from South Korea and China on hold. But even if these exams never count, how will College Board (and ETS, which administers the exam for College Board) going to address this growing cheating problem going forward? That remains to be seen.

Human Trafficking in Djibouti - 1962 Words

This report will analyze the impacts and assumptions of Djibouti’s human trafficking and forced labor issues. If the United States and NATO were to challenge the procedures on how Djibouti makes their money to sustain the economy, would the effects be positive or negative? Djibouti does not produce enough raw materials to sustain itself without the export of humans to international partners. The United States has constant issues with countries that sell and force labor upon humans. The consensus is that some things are better left un-said for sake of national security. If a country’s only way to make money is by trafficking humans then should the United States step in and do something about it? Djibouti borders the Red Sea and Gulf of†¦show more content†¦The 18 miles of bridge would cost in the upwards of an estimated 20 billion US dollars to erect. This structure could not only provide a great investment for both countries, but provide an enhanced means of trading. Both countries would flourish in economic growth that would pull them out of poverty. Yet would this investment do more harm than good? Possibilities of smuggling, terrorist recruiting, dangerous materials trafficking, and an abundant amount of human trafficking and forced labor may pose an international threat. This landmark would join a resource rich continent with an oil rich environment that may cause an eruption of wealth on both sides. This possible threat may be the main reason why the United States developed Camp Lemonnier in Djibouti. In 2001 Camp Lemonnier was built in Djibouti to provide assistance to the Horn of Africa (HOR). It has served as the main port for supplying US military un its stationed in Ethiopia. The camp not only supports US functions but also provides counter-terrorism efforts, humanitarian assistance, and is now the new Head Quarters for Africa Command. Camp Leomonnier plays several different roles in Africa including providing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) support to US forces stationed around the HOR to combat global and local terrorism. UAVs are used to carry out bombing missions in Yemen and Somalia to attack terrorist groups such as the Al-Qaida and Al- Shabab groups. The baseShow MoreRelatedSex Trafficking : The Exploitation Of Women And Children1370 Words   |  6 PagesSex trafficking is the exploitation of women and children, within national or across international borders, for the purposes of forced sex work. Modern day trafficking is a type of slavery that involves the transport or trade of people for the purpose of work.Human trafficking impacts people of all backgrounds, and people are trafficked for a variety of purposes. 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Economics - 12898 Words

ECONOMICS CHAPTER 1 ECONOMIC WAY OF THINKING SCARE RESOURCES WEALTH OF THE NATIONS ECONOMICS: ADAM SMITH STAR CITY Scarcity Scarcity is the basic and central economic problem confronting every society. It is the heart of the study of economics and the reason behind its establishment. Authors have defined scarcity in various way some if which are complexly stated. One author defines scarcity as a commodity or service being in short supply, relatives to its demand (Kapur 1997) which implies a constant availability of commodity or economic resource relatives to the demand for them. In quantitative terms, scarcity is sad to exist when at a zero price there is a unit of demand, which exceeds the available supply†¦show more content†¦It is widely used in economics as an exploratory technique as it allows economist to isolate the relationship of two variables. For instance, with the question: what s the impact of a change in the price of rice on consumption behavior, ceteris paribus (or other things remaining constant)? If the price of rice increased by 20 percent, how much consumption will there be, assuming no simultaneous change in other variables that is, assuming that income, number of family members, population, laws and so on all remain constant. Brief History: The Classical, Keynesian and Modern Economics This brief historical introduction aims to give a background on most profound names in the study of economics and their important contributions in this field of study. Birth of Economics Theory: Classical Economics Economic theory saw its birth during the mid 1700s and 1800s. During this era, two important economists emerged. First is Adam Smith of Scotland. He is considered the most important personality in the history of economics being regarded as the â€Å"Father of Economics†. 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Parts Functions of the Respiratory System Essay Example For Students

Parts Functions of the Respiratory System Essay This breaking down of glucose molecules releases energy in the form Of AT P, Which can be utilized by the human body in order to carry out essential life processes. RESPIRATORY ORGANS OF HUMAN Structures and Functions The Nose Structure: septum made up of cartilage which separates the two nostrils. Chamber Hairs are present in the inner walls to the nostrils. Functions: nasal Air passes in through the nostrils and in to the nasal chamber The hairs in the inner walls of the nostrils prevent dust particles and other particulate matter present in the air to enter into the nasal chambers. The inner lining of the nasal chambers is supplied with blood vessels, so it warms up the air passing into the respiratory system organs. It also has a lining of mucous secretion, so the air traveling inside is also moistened by it. The mucus lining prevents bacteria and other microorganisms to go further into the human body The Pharynx ? It is a wide cavity continuous with the nasal chambers. ? It is situated at the back of the mouth. ? It leads into the trachea and the food pipe. A entry to the trachea is protected by a flap called epiglottis. It is a common passage for air and food, as it leads into the trachea (for passage Of air) and the food pipe (for passage Of food). It prevents entry of food into the trachea (or the wind pipe) by the functioning of the epiglottis. The Larynx ? It has a hollow cartilaginous structure located at the base of the pharynx, just at the start of the trachea. This is the structure that rises and falls when we swallow food, One can feel it in the front part of the neck, ? It is in the shape of two ligaments folds. , When air is expelled forcibly out through these ligaments folds, it produces sound. ? There are a set of muscles that help control the tension in the vocal cords, and this helps in production of a range of voices. The Trachea This is the wind pipe. It emerges from below the Larynx. Its walls are made up Of C shaped rings Of cartilage. This is the Wind pipe through Which air travels in and out Of the body. Its C shaped rings provide strength to the trachea, keep it flexible and distended permanently. The Bronchi Structure and Functions: , The trachea divides into two tubes which enter each lungs. These are called bronchi (singularly bronchus), ? Each bronchi divides into fine tubes ladled secondary bronchi. The secondary bronchi divide into still smaller tubes called tertiary bronchi. The tertiary bronchi further divide into smaller and finer tubes called Bronchioles. The Bronchioles are MIM in diameter, and by subsequent division, they form clusters of very tiny air sacs called alveoli. Alveoli have walls that are one cell thick. They are very moist and provide for the diffusion of respiratory gases in and out of the blood stream, The Lungs ? The lungs are a pair of spongy organs, They are made up of thousands of air sacs. They are roughly cone shaped. ? The lungs are lobed, and the right lung has three lobes and the left lung has two lobes. The left lung is slightly smaller than the right lung to accommodate for the heart in between. They are covered by two membranes, the inner ? visceral pleura, and the outer parietal pleura. The space in between these membranes the pleural cavity is filled with a watery fluid called the pleural fluid. This provides for the lubrication and free mo vement for the expansion and contraction of lungs. The lungs provide a large surface area for the diffusion of oxygen from the air into the blood stream. .u12b5e1a343cdd66282a42b8d0d9d2f26 , .u12b5e1a343cdd66282a42b8d0d9d2f26 .postImageUrl , .u12b5e1a343cdd66282a42b8d0d9d2f26 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u12b5e1a343cdd66282a42b8d0d9d2f26 , .u12b5e1a343cdd66282a42b8d0d9d2f26:hover , .u12b5e1a343cdd66282a42b8d0d9d2f26:visited , .u12b5e1a343cdd66282a42b8d0d9d2f26:active { border:0!important; } .u12b5e1a343cdd66282a42b8d0d9d2f26 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u12b5e1a343cdd66282a42b8d0d9d2f26 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u12b5e1a343cdd66282a42b8d0d9d2f26:active , .u12b5e1a343cdd66282a42b8d0d9d2f26:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u12b5e1a343cdd66282a42b8d0d9d2f26 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u12b5e1a343cdd66282a42b8d0d9d2f26 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u12b5e1a343cdd66282a42b8d0d9d2f26 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u12b5e1a343cdd66282a42b8d0d9d2f26 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u12b5e1a343cdd66282a42b8d0d9d2f26:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u12b5e1a343cdd66282a42b8d0d9d2f26 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u12b5e1a343cdd66282a42b8d0d9d2f26 .u12b5e1a343cdd66282a42b8d0d9d2f26-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u12b5e1a343cdd66282a42b8d0d9d2f26:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Market Analysis for Cemerlang Tuition Centre EssayThis is achieved via the one cell thick walls of the air sacs called alveoli, The air is filled in the alveoli on one side and the other side is in contact with the blood stream of blood vessels. Respiratory gases are able to diffuse through the one cell thick walls of the alveoli. RESPIRATION PROCESS BREATHING AND RESPIRATION Respiration is the exchange of gases between living matter and its surroundings. Oxidation Of food by living cells: Transport of oxygen to the body cells and the removal of carbon dioxide from the lungs; exchange Of gases between your blood and lungs; and The breathing process. Breathing is a mechanical process that helps get air in and out of the lungs. Two stages of Breathing Inspiration During this process, you breath in or inhale to bring fresh supply of air into your lungs, Expiration during this process, you breath out or exhale to get rid of carbon dioxide or waste gases not needed by your body. What is the normal rate of your breath? Infants breath 30 to 40 times a minute. At about six years of age, the breathing rate slows down to about 22 times a minute. At your age (preferably adolescents stage), untidily are about 25, the ate is further slowed down, about 16 to 18 times a minute. An exception is when you are an athlete or when you engage in hard work. Your breathing rate in such cases will be higher. Phases in Human Respiration k External Respiration is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood. * Internal Respiration is the exchange Of gases between the blood and the body tissues. It occurs in every living cell. Phases in Frog Respiration * Coetaneous Respiration is the gaseous exchange bet. en the skin Of the frog and the external environment -water and air. The skin of the frog is supplied tit blood capillaries and contain glands called the coetaneous glands, which secrete mucous and keeps the skin always moist and retains a thin film of water underneath the surface of the skin. This condition enables the exchange of air between the blood vessels and the outside environment, * Abacas Respiration When the frog floats on the surface of water or while resting on land they respire through the abacas cavity, Atmospheric air is sucked in through the nasal openings when the floor to abacas cavity is lowered . Len the same manner the air is send out when the cavity rises. The alternate lowering and rising of the abacas cavity, abacas respiration is bought about. The abacas respiratory system of the frog accounts for of the oxygen intake, * pulmonary Respiration This type of respiration comprises of the nasal cavity, abacas cavity, larynx, trachea, a pair of lungs and the alveoli inside them. The adult frog has very simple, pinkish, sac like organs called lungs. They are not well developed and are placed in the anterior of the frogs body _ The numerous sac like structures inside the lung called the alveoli are richly supplied with blood capillaries.

Push And Pull Factor In Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Example

Push And Pull Factor In Tourism Tourism Essay Paper Push / Pull factor in Tourism Introduction Modern touristry has become one of the strongest and most singular phenomena of the clip. To detect its true nature, one must try to understand how the assorted constituents are connected to each other, and what are the causes and effects, the speculations and the worlds. One must first hold on the workings of the mechanism before he can find the agencies of commanding, altering, and bettering it. But the connexions are discernable if one limits himself to a narrow, sector-based position ( Krippendorf, 1987 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Push And Pull Factor In Tourism Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Push And Pull Factor In Tourism Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Push And Pull Factor In Tourism Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The greatest ground for travel can be summed up in one work, â€Å"Escape† , flight from the dull, day-to-day modus operandi ; escape from the familiar, the common topographic point, the ordinary ; flight from the occupation, the foreman, the client, the commutation, the house the lawn, the leaky spigots. The benefits of touristry can be broad ranging, widening to benefits to the economic system, societal life for people populating in finishs every bit good as personal benefits to tourist ( UNWTO 1999 ; Bureau International du Tourisme Sociale ( BITS ) 2006 ) . These touristry benefits have been found to include: remainder and convalescence from work ; proviso of new experiences ladling to a widening of skylines and the chance for larning and intercultural communicating ; publicity of peace and apprehension ; personal and societal development ; sing friends and relations ; spiritual pilgrims journey and wellness ( Dann, 1977 ) . Push / Pull Factor Although a universally agree-upon conceptualisation of the tourer motive concept is still missing ( Fodness, 1994 ) , the push/pull theoretical account is accepted by many research workers ( Dann, 1977 ; 1981 ; Crompton, 1979 ; Zhang and Lam, 1999 ; Jang and Cai, 2002 ; Hsu and Lam, 2003 ) . Push factors are defined as internal motivations or forces that cause tourers to seek activities to cut down their demands, while pull factors are finish generated forces and the cognition that tourists hold about a finish ( Gnoth, 1997 ) . Most push factors are instrinsic incentives, such as the desire for flight, remainder and relaxation, prestigiousness, wellness and fittingness, escapade and societal interaction. Pull factors emerge due to the attraction of a finish, including beaches, diversion installations and cultural attractive forces ( Uysal and Jurowski, 1994 ) . Traditionally, push factors are considered of import in originating travel desire, while pull factors are considered more de cisive in explicating finish pick ( Crompton, 1979, Bello and Etzel, 1985 ) . Crompton ( 1979 ) identifies two bunchs of motivations among pleasance vacationists, viz. socio-psychological motivations and cultural motivations. Nine motivations were generated based on an analysis of 39 unstructured interviews. the seven socio-psychological motivations are ; flight from a perceived mundane environment, geographic expedition and rating of ego, relaxation, prestigiousness, arrested development, sweetening of kinship relationships and facilitation of societal interaction ; those classified as cultural motivations are novelty and instruction. Although non expressed, Crompton hopes to associate these motivations to force and draw factors by reasoning that push factors for a holiday are socio-psychological motivations, while pull factors are cultural motivations. Similarly, Dann ( 1977 ) builds his theory based on two conceptualisations: anomy and eo-enhancement. By taking a sociological attack to tourist motive, Dann identifies anomy and ego-enhancement as two of import travel motivations. He farther argues that both motivations are ‘push factors. Anomie represents the desire to exceed the feeling of isolation obtained in mundane life, where the tourer merely wishes to ‘get off from it all . On the other manus, ego-enhancement derives from the degree of personal demands. Merely as in the demand for societal interaction people wish to be recognized. The demand to hold one s self-importance enhanced or boosted is correspondent to the desire for a ‘bodily warm-up . Dann ( 1977 ) distinguishes the features of alienated tourers and ego-enhancement tourers. The alienated tourers are typically immature, married, male, above-average socio-economic position, from little towns and rural countries, and repetition visitants. Ego-enhancement tourers represent the opposite terminal of spectrum. This group is more likely female, first-time visitants, from lower socio-economic strata and older than alienated tourers. Dann favours ‘push factors, and argues that an scrutiny of ‘push factors is logically, and frequently temporally, an ancestor to ‘pull factors. Furthermore, he argues that the inquiry of ‘what makes tourers travel can merely associate to the ‘push factors, as this inquiry is barren of finish or value content demands of ‘pull factors. While Dann admits that both the anomy and ego-enhancement constructs stem from ‘push factors, he does non see the relationship between these two constructs as dichotomous. Alternatively, he constructs his theoretical model as a continuum, with anomie and ego-enhancement as the polar co-ordinates. The pull factors are active athleticss environment, alone natural environment, safety, sunlight, inexpensiveness, cultural activities, amusement, sightseeing, local civilization, different civilization and culinary art and singularity of little towns/villages/mountains. From the above descriptions of anomy and ego-enhancement, it should be clear that non merely does go stand for the fulfillment of certain basic demands in the possible tourers, but that in so making it offers him an alternate universe to that in which he daily lives. It can be argued, for case, that in the humdrum of suburban area, the faceless metropolis or the public small town, life merely becomes tolerable with the idea that there are opportunities of periodic flight from such an being, and that travel provides the ideal mercantile establishments. Tourist Motivation Human society, one time so sedentary, has begun to travel. Today a hurried mobility has obsessed most of the dwellers of the industrialised states. One seizes every chance to liberate oneself. To get away the ennui of mundane life every bit frequently as possible: short excursions during the hebdomad or week-end, long trips during holidaies. Cipher wants anything more fierily for their old age than a secondary abode. Above all, one does non desire to remain home but to acquire off at any monetary value ( Krippendorf, 1987 ) . The topic of tourer motive involves inquiries about why people travel. However, placing clearly the relationships between an person s motives and choice of a finish is a hard undertaking. Krippendorf ( 1987 ) , for case, identified a figure of tourer motives, including: Convalescence and regeneration ; Compensation and societal integrating ; Escape ; Communication ; Broadening the head ; Freedom and self-government ; Self-fulfillment ; Happiness. Jointly, these motives reflect that ‘the traveler is a mixture of many features that can non be merely assigned into this class or that one ( Krippendorf, 1987: 28 ) . He furthers provinces that, adult male spends portion of his leisure clip in nomadic leisure activities, that is in travel, which opens a window to the universe of the ordinary. This going or flight is typified and conditioned by specific influences, motives, and outlooks. The intents of travel constitute the polar antonym of day-to-day life: they represent the non-ordinary. In this context, it is particularly interesting to analyze the behavior and experiences of travelers, the fortunes and environment of the people visited ( the hosts ) , and the brushs between travelers and other travelers, particularly between travelers and hosts. The system of work home ground leisure travel is enclosed in a big model and influenced by the force which governs it. One can separate four major spheres of these forces, which are connected to each other by legion interactions: society with its value system ( sociocultural subsystem ) ; the economic system and its construction ( economic subsystem ) ; the environment and its resources ( ecological subsystem ) ; the authorities and its policies ( political subsystem ) ( Rotach, Mauch, and Gueller 1982: 35ff ) . Krippendorf believes that the chief motivation for touristry is to get away from something that we feel is incorrect in our day-to-day lives. In today s extremely technological universe we feel trapped in modus operandis and committednesss over which we have no control, says Krippendorf. Presents, the demand to go is above wholly created by society and marked by the ordinary. Peoples leave because they no longer experience at easiness where they are, where they work, and where they live. They feel an pressing demand to free themselves temporarily of the loads imposed by the mundane work, place and leisure scenes, in order to be in a fit province, to pick the load up once more. Their work is more and more mechanized, bureaucratized, and determined without respect to their wants. Deep inside, they feel the humdrum of the ordinary, the cold reason of mills, offices, flat edifices, and the main road substructure, the poverty of human contact, the repression of feelings, the debasement of nature, and the loss of nature ( Krippendorf, 1987 ) . Kripendorf high spots, besides the motive, the society has at the same time furnished to its members the agencies of transporting out this flight: money, in the signifier of higher income ; and clip, thanks to more and more limited work agendas. But most of import of all, industry has developed the true premier mover of nomadic society. The auto and, to a lesser extent, the aeroplane have ushered in the nomadic leisure revolution and have brought it to today s province in barely two decennaries and at an astonishing velocity. The society makes available the diversion industry, which plays in a sense the function of friend and adviser. This industry has taken over free clip. It provides non merely assorted sorts of satisfaction, but besides creates, if necessary, the corresponding wants and desires ( Traitler 1971: 28 ) . Many plants to a big extent, in order to be able to take holidaies, and he needs holidaies to be able to travel back to work ( Krippendorf, 1987 ) . The work moral principle has allowed many accomplishments: particularly the much hoped for material wellbeing, the riddance ( or about so ) of poorness, and the reduced work hebdomad. But following to this undeniable advancement, the moral principle has besides brought major jobs which weigh more and more to a great extent in the graduated tables and which are felt by a turning figure of people: the loss of intending in one s occupation ( as a effect of mass production and of the utmost division of labor ) , an of all time decreasing satisfaction with work and with life ( Yankelovich, 1978 ; Noelle-Neumann 1983 ) , the stiff and changeless organisation of clip, the phenomena of emphasis and ennui and the turning â€Å"medicalization† of lives ( Isopublic 1982 ; Opaschowski, 1983 ) , and most particularly, the addition in unemployment ( Kenward, 1983 ) . Social Tourism The benefits of engagement have prompted many authoritiess to advance entree to leisure travel as positive societal and economic activities. However, authorities commissariats to guarantee equality of entree to touristry are non cosmopolitan runing from silent support to direct investing in the proviso of services in the signifier of societal touristry ( European Commission 2001 ) . In Europe active support for societal touristry can be traced back to the Christian motion in France and Switzerland, the early young person motions in Germany and workers educational collectives. However, there are political, cultural and moral dimensions to the arguments based on different positions on the ideological and cardinal function of the province in the proviso of vacation services that has resulted in diverse proviso of vacation services that has resulted in diverse proviso of entree to touristry chances. In the UK for illustration, the European theoretical account has non been followed and there is concern about an ‘over-work civilization ( Bunting 2004 ) . Similarly, the US has witnessed both long-run eroding in leisure clip and a leaning for shorter vacations ( Schor, 1991 ) whilst in Japan, vacation clip has traditionally been even more scaring ( Richards 1999 ) . Therefore cultural attitudes towards holidaymaking could impact political support for societal touristry as a policy tool. Social touristry can be described as â€Å"the relationships and phenomena in the field of touristry ensuing from engagement in travel by economically weak or otherwise deprived elements of society† ( Hunzinger, â€Å"Social touristry, its nature and jobs, † quoted in ETB and TUC 1976, 5 ) . It involves the proviso of holidaies for people who can afford them merely with the assistance of a 3rd party. Although the purpose of societal touristry is Unitarian in philosophy-to extend the benefits of holidaies to a broader section of society-it is expressed in a assortment of signifiers. Trade brotherhoods in industrialised states have long sought and won paid holiday clip for their members, and by illustration, have won similar rights for most industrial and service workers. In Europe and Japan some companies help, pay for a significant part of holiday costs. Most workers in West Germany receive Urlaubsgeld ( holiday money ) , a fillip that cna equal 45 per cent of their regular holiday wage. In France, the state-owned Renault Company contributes to the operation of 30 household holiday small towns for its workers ( Time 1981 ) . Social bureaus such as the YMCA, Boy scouts, and church groups support many summer cantonments which offer subsidised holidaies to the immature, hapless or handicapped. In the United States there is grounds of â€Å"social tourism† with a turn, harmonizing to Lundberg ( 1976, 170 ) . He notes that societal touristry is designed to subsidise holidaies or installations for the on the job category, but points out that recent resort development in certain province Parkss is truly societal touristry for the in-between category. These resort park undertakings offer state nine quality and scenes at a subsidised monetary value, and have proved to be really popular attractive forces. In recent old ages at that place has been a re-emergence of research on issues related to societal justness and public assistance issues in touristry ( Higgins-Desboilles 2006 ; Hall and Brown 1996, 2006 ) including the concpt of societal touristry. Haulot ( 1982 ) defines societal touristry as a ‘the entirety of dealingss and phenomena deducing from the engagement of those societal group with modest incomes-participation which is made possible or facilitated by steps of a chiseled societal character ( 40 ) . Although there are diverse readings of what constitutes societal touristry and how it can be implemented, Minnaert, Maitland and Miller ( 2007 ) differentiate between visitor-and host-related signifiers of societal touristry. The literature associating societal touristry to societal public assistance issues from a societal policy position is limited ( Minnaert, Maitland and Miller 2009 ) . Social touristry in the UK is mostly dependent on the charities sector, although there are a few surveies on the construction and organisation of support ( Local Government Association 2001 ) . The societal policy literature has given limited consideration to the issue of tourisms function in current arguments despite a one-wee vacation being included in the indexs of exclusion for some clip ( Hazel 2005 ) and touristry being progressively perceived as a societal ‘right ( Richards 1998 ) . The UK has non adopted the European theoretical account of policy proviso on societal touristry such as the World Tourism Organization ( 1980 ) . In the UK the largest factor for non-participation in a vacation was affordability ( Corlyon and La Placa, 2006 ) . In 2006-07 there were 2.9 million kids populating in income poorness in the UK, a figure which rose by 100,000 for the 2nd twelvemonth running ( Department for work and Pensions 2008 ; see besides Palmer, Carr and Kenway 2005 ) . The chief societal groups who are most at hazard from societal exclusion from touristry include those who are: handicapped ; ailment ; older ; at fright of persecution or other hazard factors ; enduring from poorness ; deficiency clip due to work or caring committednesss, cultural minority groups. Further, it is non clear how non-participation in touristry may impact upon the costs of wellness and societal attention proviso ( ODPM 2005 ) . Harmonizing to McCabe, holiday infinite does non incorporate referents to household jobs, and it is free of negative associations, emphasis and barriers to fresh experiences. The vacation offers people a opportunity to populate otherwise, separately and as a household, leting a alteration in modus operandis, to seek new activities and experiences, for kids to see freedom, and to populate at a different gait of life. Furthermore, holidays provided chances for positive and active behaviors in relation to feature and exert, positive diversion as opposed to inactive leisure signifiers, and issues which has been highlighted by Roberts in relation to leisure ingestion and societal exclusion ( 2004 ) . Further McCabe provinces, that, analysis of the application signifiers indicates that people are really frequently cognizant of the jobs and issues which they face in their lives which can frequently take to a sense of guilt. Given the chance of clip and infinite off from the place environment, people have the opportunity to actively work out their ain issues without the intercession from others. They have a opportunity to construct or mend relationships and recover from past troubles and an chance to reevaluate issue and face the hereafter in a positive manner. Decision Travel motive surveies attempt to reply the inquiry ‘why people travel or ‘why people visit a peculiar finish because the implicit in premise is that motive is one of the drive forces of behavior. Understanding specific tourer motives and/or the nature of travel motive can assist finish directors and sellers do a better occupation of product/service planning, selling communicating and visitant attractive force and keeping. Travel motive is a psychological concept which holds a multidimensional implicit in construction. Peoples travel to assorted topographic points to run into different demands. Persons travel motives are influenced by their civilization, background and old experience. Of the motivational forces, pull factors are finish properties, which are under a great trade of control of the finishs. All the three writers talk about the push / pull factor of touristry but in different construct, Dann focuses on anomy and ego-enhancement, whereas Krippendorf negotiations about working category people necessitating to take vacation, with McCabe it is about societal touristry for the people who are excluded from the society and can non afford vacation. Each writer explains the same in different ways and logic. Mentions: Bello, D. C. And Etzel, M. J. ( 1985 ) The rate of freshness in pleasance travel experiences. Journal of Travel Research 24 ( 1 ) , 20-26. Bunting, M. ( 2004 ) , ‘Willing Slaves : How the Overwork Culture is Governing Our Lifes. London: Harper Collins. Corlyon, J. , and La Placa, V. , ( 2006 ) Holidays for Families in Need: Policies and Practice in the UK. London: Policy Research Bureau. Crompton, J. ( 1979 ) Motivations for pleasance holiday. Annalss of Tourism Research 6 ( 4 ) , 408-424. Dann, G. ( 1977 ) , Anomie, ego-enhamcement and touristry. Annalss of Tourism Research 4 ( 4 ) , 184-194. Dann, G. , ( 1981 ) , Tourist motive: An assessment, Annals of Tourism Research 8 ( 2 ) , 187-219. Department for Work and Pensions ( 2008 ) Households Below Average Income: An Analysis of the Income Distribution 1994 / 95 -2006 /0. HMSO. European Commission, ( 2001 ) , Report of the Results of the Tourism for all Investigation. Brussels: European Commission. Fodness, D. , ( 1994 ) , Measuring tourer motive. Annalss of Tourism Research 21 ( 3 ) , 555-581. Gnoth, J. , ( 1997 ) , Tourism motive and outlook formation. Annalss of Tourism Research 24 ( 2 ) , 283-304. Hall, D. , and Brown, F. , ( 1996 ) Towards a Welfare Focus for Tourism Research. Advancement in Tourism and Hospitality Research 2:41-57. Hall, D. , and Brown, F. , ( 2006 ) Tourism and Social welfare: Ethical motives, Responsibility and Sustainable Well-being. Wallingford: CABI. Haulot, A. , ( 1982 ) Social Toursim: Current Dimensions of Future Developments. Journal of Travel Research 20:40. Hazel, N. ( 2005 ) Holidays for Children and Families in Need: An Exploration of the Research and Policy Context for Social Tourism in the UK. Children A ; Society 19:225-236. Higgins-Desboilles, F. ( 2006 ) , More than an â€Å"Industry† : The Forgotten Power of Tourism as a Social Force. Tourism Management 27: 1192-1208. Hsu, C.H.C. , and Lam, T. , ( 2003 ) , Mainland Chinese travelers motives and barriers of sing Hong Kong. Journal of Academy of Business and Economics 2 ( 1 ) , 60-67. Isopublic Umfrage, ( 1982 ) , Le Suisse et lupus erythematosus parturiency. Zuerich: Institut fur Markt-und meinungsforschung. Jang, S.C. and Cai, L.A. , ( 2002 ) , Travel motives and finish pick: a survey of British outbound market. Journal of Travel A ; Tourism Marketing 13 ( 3 ) , 111-133. Kenward, L. ( 1983 ) , Arbeitslosigkeit in den grossen Industrielaendern. In Finanzierung und Entwicklung 2:24 38. Hamburg: HWWA-Institut. Krippendorf, J. ( 1987 ) , The Holidaymakers. Understanding the Impact of Leisure and Travel. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Local Government Association ( 2001 ) Tourism as a Tool for Social Inclusion. London: LGA. McCabe, S. ( 2009 ) Who needs a vacation? Measuring societal touristry, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 667-688, 2009. Minnaert, L. , R. Maitland, and G. Miller ( 2007 ) Social Tourism and its Ethical Foundations. Tourism Culture A ; Communicaton 7:7-17. Minnaert, L. , R. Maitland, and G. Miller ( 2009 ) Tourism and Social Policy: The Value of Social Tourism. Annalss of Tourism Research 36 ( 2 ) : 316-334. Noelle-Neumann, E. ( 1983 ) , Freude, Feiheitsgefuehl und Produktivitaet. In Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung 111:13. Frankfort: Frakfurter Allgemeinc Verlag. Opaschowski, H. W. , ( 1983 ) , Freizeit: Zur Langeweile verurteilt. In Animation 1:2-7. Hanover: Vincentz. OPDM ( 2005 ) Inclusion Through Innovation: Undertaking Social Exclusion through New Technologies. London: Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. Richards, G. ( 1998 ) clip for a Holiday? Social Rights and International touristry Consumption. Time and Society 7 ( 1 ) : 145-160. Richards, G. ( 1999 ) , Vacations and the Quality of Life: Forms and Structures. Journal of Business Research 44: 189-198. Rotach, M. S. Mauch, and P. Gueller, explosive detection systems, ( 1982 ) , Szenarien kuenftiger Entwicklungen. Bern: Programmletiung NFP â€Å"Regional Probleme.† Schor, J. ( 1991 ) , The Overworked American: The Unexpected Decline in Leisure. New York: Basic Books. Traitler, R. ( 1971 ) , Der manipulierte Tourist. In Der Ueberblick 3:28-29. Stuttgart: Arbeitsgemeinschaft evang. Kirchen in Deutschland. Uysal, M. , and Jurowski, C. , ( 1994 ) , Testing the push and pull factors. Annalss of Tourism Research 21 ( 4 ) , 844-846. World Tourism Organization ( WTO ) ( 1999 ) Global codification of Ethical motives for Tourism. Yankelovich, D. ( 1978 ) , Wer hat noch Lust Zu arbeiten? In Psychologie heute 5:14 -21. Weinheim: Beltz. Zhang, H. , and Lam, T. , ( 1999 ) , an analysis of mainland Chinese visitants motives to Hong Kong. Tourism Management 20 ( 5 ) , 587-594.

Raising Finance Essay Example

Raising Finance Essay Example Raising Finance Essay Raising Finance Essay Raising Finance Source of finance Description of source of finance Advantages Disadvantrages Personal sources Peronal sources tend to be the first form of finance used by very small firms. And important personal source of finance is the savings that the entrepreneur accumulated before starting up the business. #Savings are a cheap form of finance as they do not involve paying any interest. #1Jsing savings enables the owner to keep control of the business. This is especially valuable to those owners who are choosing to run a business partly so they can enjoy the independence it gives them. Setting up a new business is always risky. With high failure rates among new businesses, there is a good chance that an entrepreneur will quickly lose savings that have taken a long time to accumulate. #Many entrepreneurs do no have sufficient savings to finance a new business. Older people are more likely to have accumulate savings but it is often the young who have the most innovative ideas Ordinary share capital Ordinary Share Capital are the resources supplied to the company (equity capital) through the issuance of ordinary shares. Ordinary shares refer to certificates/ ecurities enabling owners to possess a portion of the company through contributing to the equity capital of the company in the primary stock exchange market, i. e. first- hand trading of shares. Ordinary Share Capital also contribute to a part of the shareholders funds #Shareholders have the right to vote #Shareholders have the ability to elect the board of directors #Shareholders are able to buy as many new stocks as possible #Share prices fluctuate a lot, which short term oriented investors find very distressing. Some companies go broke, and due to the occasional dishonest auditor you wont be able to see it coming. Therefore you need to diversify a lot, though this is easyto do since you can buy small amounts of shares. #Shares require analysis and hard work if you are going todo better than average. Venture capital Venture Capital is the capital provided by firms of professionals who invest alongside management in young,rapidly growing compan ies have the potential for high growth. Thus a Venture Capitalist (VC) may provide theseed capital for unproven ideas, products or technology-oriented firms. The VC may also invest in a firm unableto raise finance through conventional means. Venture capitalists provide companies with ongoing strategic, operational and financial advice. They will typically have nominee directors appointed to the companys board and often become intimately involved with the strategic direction of the company. Venture capitalists can introduce the company to an extensive network of strategic partners both domestically and internationally and may also identify potential acquisition targets for the business and facilitate the acquisition. #Most venture capitalists seek to realise their investment in a company in three to five years. If an entrepreneurs capital may not be appropriate. #Venture capitalists are typically more sophisticated and may drive a harder bargain. Venture capitalists are more likely to want to influence the strategic directi on of the company. #Venture capitalists are more likely to be interested in taking control of the company if the management is unable to drive the business. Loan capital such as bank loans Loan capital may be obtained from a bank or finance company as long-term loans, or from debt-equity investors in the form of debentures or preferred stock (preference hares), and is usually secured by a fixed and/or floating charge on the companys assets. Unlike debt capital, it does not include short-term loans (such as overdraft). Also called borrowed capital. #A bank loan can be secured quickly; in less than an hour, a qualified borrower can complete a bank loan transaction. #A bank loan can be used in a number of ways; money can be borrowed for many large-ticket items, such as furniture, vehicles or home renovations. #Some loans carry a prepayment penalty, preventing the borrower from paying the note off early without incurring extra cost. There are a number of limitations on the transaction. Good credit is often required to borrow money, and there are stipulations on how the money can be used. Borrowing too much money can lead to decreased cash flow and payments can even overtake income in some cases; this is why many loan payments are limited to a certain percentage of a borrowers income. Bank overdrafts Bank overdraft) a short term loan taken out by a company or individual that is normally repayable on demand. #A bank loan can be secured quickly; in less than an hour, a qualified borrower can complete a bank loan transaction.

Lewis and Clark from the Native Americans perspective Research Paper

Lewis and Clark from the Native Americans perspective - Research Paper Example The Native Americans were poorly interpreted and failure to see their unique, cultural and historical existence. This came about because the trail they traversed had distinct cultures, dialects and tribal associations (National Geographic, 2013). The Native Americans formed part of the success of the expedition. Drouillard and Sacagawea were hired by Lewis to provide extensive support at different points of the trip. Drouillard was a hunter and a specialist in Indian sign semantics and local dialects while Sacagawea was a transcriber. Both helped save the mission as they helped in the provision of crucial necessities such as horses from the Shoshone tribe, canoes, medicines and valuable goods. The travelers' safety was not guaranteed during their expedition and Sacagawea played the role of ensuring their full safety, as was the case when the group came into contact with the Indian tribes. The Rocky Mountains were exhausting and formidable especially during the 11 day crossing in the snow led by Old Toby. The Mandan villages provided shelter and fortitude during the winter of 1804-1805 when they allowed the travelling team to build a fort amidst them. the villagers were friendly and provided food for the team. It is during this period that Lewis and Clark's life was saved from the Nez tribe that wanted to kill them. The two were saved through the intervention of an old woman who lived in the Mandan village. The chiefs from different tribes who provided friendly connections with other tribes further enhanced the success of their expedition. Without this, the voyage would have probably ended before it would have started (National Geographic, 2013) As is evident, Lewis & Clark met different tribes during their journey, and who provided help at each and every stage of the journey. Their first encounter was with the Oto Indian tribe, whose six chiefs who they honored with clothes and a flag. In return, the chiefs acknowledged their conquest and granted them access to pass through their lands. The Mandans and Hidatsas tribes from the North Dakota Territory insisted on the significance of using horses. These, according to this tribe, would be helpful in the transportation of cargo and speed up the journey as compared to travelling on foot. The neighboring tribes were generous enough to trade food stuffs and arrange for guides who gave information on the way ahead. The good relations with the tribes of the Colombia and Snake rivers proved to be useful as they provided food and quick passages through their lands. Along the journey, Lewis & Clark also met the North West, Plain and Plateau Indians with whom they shared an analogous cultural lifestyle and heritage. The Sioux, Crow and Mandans tribes were nomadic while few resided in villages. Those who lived in the country of the Colombian river were hunters, fishermen of salmon and subsistence agriculturalists. Despite the various friendly tribes, the travelers also met up with hostile tribes on thei r way to the Pacific Ocean. Such a tribe was the Blackfeet Indians, who were notorious for being hostile to intruders. The members of this tribe were equipped with rifles and sought to get more from the expeditionists. In the heat of the moment, Lewis and Reuben slew a Blackfeet warrior sparking a war between the tribe and envoys of the federal government. They also had an unfortunate encounter with the Yankton Sioux and Omaha tribes (National Geograp

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Research Paper Example These technological advancements led to the introduction of the internet, which most sectors have been put in use in their operations. The essay that follows is a research on the potential of the internet for building and establishing communities with reference to specific online groups. The internet is a communication medium that people use in their daily life activities due to its viability. The idea of its use has a long history line where people in the past years used to communicate to others, but discoveries and advancements in communication technology by visionary people brought changes in its current usage in the present society. These discoveries aimed at creating a new communication where people would effectively communicate with others, putting in mind how proper use of the internet can impact the community (Riel, 2013). Most of online programs rely on the internet for their operation, a quality which has made its use rampant in the various activities. The internet and Soci al Networks The internet contributes in a large percentage the way social media operate, since operation of online groups like blogs, online chats, YouTube, multiplayer online games, Facebook, twitter, video conferencing, among others relies on the internet (Bertho, Crawford & Fogarty, 2008). The high rate of globalization in the world is as a result of the rise of internet usage. This is because the internet breaks the limit made on human interactions since there are no political borders among the users. There are a number of websites that people different countries use to enhance communication among their citizens. For example, an individual with Chinese origin or descent can visit China.com and communicate with other citizens who share the same characteristics (Bertho, Crawford & Fogarty, 2008). Citizens from Filipino can communicate with other Filipino citizens across the world by visiting Tinig.com and share issues concerning their country. Tsinoy.com connects Filipinos who hav e a Chinese accent, while Scottish accent people meet at ElectricScotland.com. These among other sites make people share various issues affecting their communities as they contribute to their development. Yahoo has a large number of sites that bring together different cultures. Participants in these sites engage in chats with each other, which provide a medium for discussions and organization of events geared towards community development (Bertho, Crawford & Fogarty, 2008). Through these sites people too can access newspapers and also listen to their local radio stations daily, and this maintains ties between people in the diaspora with their families and homeland. However, the ability of the internet to impact on people depends on the ‘end-to-end design (Bertho, Crawford & Fogarty, 2008). It is designed in a way that its impact relies on the end users. The web effectively utilizes this design in that every user participates in providing the content of the web even with little knowledge or capital equipment (Bertho, Crawford & Fogarty, 2008). This enables the users not only to use a website, but also have the ability to create it, giving it a democratic feature. The internet creates a wide accessibility of information on a website as opposed to a newspaper or magazine, and this gives those who lack enough access on resources to communicate with other people in a different community. Through the potential the

The Father She Needed Essay Example for Free

The Father She Needed Essay Over time, her relationship with her stepfather strengthens, which in turn gives her the encouragement that she wanted, and the true father figure that she desperately needed. When Stephanie sees a shot-put match take place that her newest stepfather takes her too, she immediately falls in love. She begins to strengthen herself so much that it begins to bother her mother Helen. She is completely against Stephanie’s sport and constantly puts her down. There are many instances in which Helen opposes Stephanie’s steadfastness toward shot-put. As a former Avon consultant, her mother’s view of beauty greatly differs from Stephanie’s. Helen sees beauty as more of an outer aspect rather than inner and this the first step toward extreme conflict with Stephanie. Secondly, Helen simply speaks her opinion on the matter by telling her husband, â€Å"I have to sit alone and watch my daughter, by beautiful Stephanie, do dynamic tension to her neck and arms. Every morning while she chews her toast I look to see if facial hair has started to grow† (Apple, 132). Throughout Max Apple’s â€Å"Stepdaughters,† her mother Helen is antagonizing Stephanie for pursuing a career in shot-put and it’s because of this that her relationship with her new stepfather blossoms. Stephanie has never really developed a relationship with any of her previous fathers. She begins to develop a relationship with her new stepfather when he takes an interest in her life and introduces her to shot-put. There are many instances in the story where her father openly supports her shot-putting. First of all, he ants to develop a real lasting relationship with Stephanie and Helen, and because he openly supports Stephanie, she begins to trust him and consider him a true father figure. One instance of this is that at the beginning of â€Å"Stepdaughters,† he gives her a poster of the band Genesis in hopes that â€Å"it would signify a beginning for the three of us† (Apple, 129). Secondly, he is so steadfast in supporting her dream that at the end of the story he explains â€Å"[Stephanie] has a lot to throw away, this stepdaughter of mine; in eight-pound chunks she might be able to manage it, maybe all the way to the Olympics† (Apple, 135). In the end he supports her and he always will. Despite the confrontation between Stephanie and her mother, he is always there to back her up as she pursues her dream. This was the perfect time when Stephanie needed a father figure; not just to provide for her, but to love, care, and support her in whatever she does. If Stephanie were to start up shot-put, when her mother was single, her dream might have been abruptly ended by her mother opposition to it. Stephanie’s new stepfather was the person to introduce to her a sport that she loves and become the father that she never had. In the sum of it all Stephanie is at a povital point in her life, and her mother may oppose her dream for a long time. But because her new father that she is just getting to know supports her, she may have it a little easier through her new few years than they would be without him. Stephanie tells her father near the end of the story, â€Å"You can pack up whatever you want. You don’t have to put up with us. You must know by now that this not is going to stop. I’m going to give it everything I’ve got for the next three years and you can bet that Mom’s going to fight me every inch. Life around this house is not going to be a picnic† (Apple, 134). Stephanie has seen so many stepfathers come and go that she’s basically saying that she wouldn’t be surprised if he left her too. As he has proved throughout the story, he not going anywhere. He is there to stay because he cares for her and he cares for her mom. She is working steadfastly toward a goal and her father will stand by her side every step of the way. Works Cited Apple, Max. â€Å"Stepdaughters. † The Norton Introduction to Literature. Alsion Booth and Kelly J. Mays. 10th ed. NY: WW Norton, 2010. 129-135. Print. Outline Thesis: In Max Apple’s â€Å"Stepdaughters,† Stephanie, despite constant criticism from her mother Helen, pushes herself to perfect her trade to the best of her ability with her stepfather. Over time, her relationship with her stepfather strengthens, which in turn gives her the encouragement that she wanted, and the true father figure that she desperately needed. Body Paragraph I. Stephanie’s begins to clash with her mother because Helen’s view of beauty greatly differs from Stephanie’s. When Stephanie, starting shot-put, her mother Helen became very critical and annoyed. Her relationship with her father helps her deal with this. A. Helen used to work as an Avon consultant and her view of beauty greatly differs from the narrator’s and Stephanie’s. (Page 132, Paragraph 60) B. Helen disapproves of Stephanie’s love of shot-put. (Page 132, Paragraph 59) C. Helen is also very critical about Stephanie’s choice. (Page 132, Paragraphs 76, 77) Body Paragraph II. Stephanie has never really developed a relationship with any of her previous fathers. She begins to develop a relationship with her new stepfather when he takes an interest in her life and introduces her to shot-put. A. Stephanie’s new father has a desire to make lasting relationships with her and her mother. (Page 129, Paragraphs 11-15) B. Stephanie is introduced to shot-put by her stepdad. (Page 130, Paragraph 15 C. Stephanie’s relationship with her stepdad begins to blossom when he takes a real interest in her life and her activities. The conflict with her mother helps to strengthen the bond between her and her stepdad, because he supports her, when her mother does not. (Page 134, Paragraph 89; Page 135, Paragraph 92) Conclusion